资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
扩大国内需求 推动消费动能持续恢复****** 【财经论语】 作者:依绍华(中国社会科学院财经战略研究院市场流通与消费研究室主任) 近日召开的中央经济工作会议为新一年经济工作提出明确部署,也为扎实推进中国式现代化规划实施路径。 扩大内需战略与我国经济发展实际紧密相关。事实上,内需也是保证中国经济持续稳定增长的关键要素。2021年内需对经济增长的贡献率达79.1%,较上年提高4.4个百分点。随着我国经济进入工业化中后期,经济总量达到世界第二,在稳定出口的同时,将扩大内需作为中国经济增长的重要动力成为必然选择。历史经验证明,内需和外需在一国不同经济发展阶段发挥的作用不同。一般情况下,外需拉动在一国经济起飞阶段发挥巨大作用。经济繁荣程度达到一定水平后,内需将在经济发展中发挥更大作用。我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,服从并服务于高质量发展,理应成为新时代扩大内需的基本遵循。 消费作为内需的重要组成部分,对经济增长的拉动作用不断凸显。自2013年开始,消费对经济增长贡献率超过投资贡献率,2019年最终消费支出对GDP增长贡献率为57.8%,高于资本形成总额26.6个百分点;2021年最终消费支出对经济增长贡献率为65.4%,拉动GDP增长5.3个百分点,已成为我国增强经济增长内生动力的主引擎,在扩大内需战略中具有重要地位。 为有效促进消费增长、推动消费持续恢复,需要进一步缩小收入差距增强消费信心。一是逐步提高城镇低收入户最低生活保障,加大对农村特定地区低收入者的帮扶力度,健全社会“托底”机制,在初次分配与再分配中向低收入人群倾斜,推动低收入群体收入稳定增长;建立健全工资性收入随企业利润增长动态调整机制,扩大中等收入群体。依法保护居民合法经营收入,有序以个人所得税等税制体系调节过高收入,发挥再分配调节机制的作用,缩小居民收入差距。二是促进农民收入稳定增长。引导农村地区以资源禀赋为依托经营特色产业,推动规模化、集约化、差异化发展与产业链条延伸,稳步提升农村居民经营性收入。支持建立商务领域农民工就业服务平台,在农村地区建设养老、托幼、家政等生活服务业技能培训基地,增加中低收入农民的可支配收入。 发挥流通环节吸纳就业功能。支持微商、电商、网络直播、知识分享等平台发展,以微经济实现兼职就业和副业创业,形成灵活多样的个体经济就业池,引导用工外包服务等平台规范发展,多渠道增加就业。支持小店发展,鼓励小店市场主体实施专业化、差异化、特色化发展,打造“小而美”精品品牌。引导线上线下创业平台优化服务质量并减免服务费用,优化证照办理等政务服务,降低小店的线上线下创业成本,激发各类主体创新动力和创造活力。 优化新型消费供给,培育新型消费领域,优化免税政策体系,支持发展免税零售,引导免税零售企业实施差异化、多元化经营,构建良性竞争格局,有序增设免税城市和门店,拓宽免税消费空间。推动制造业与流通领域跨界融合,支持零售与批发领域的龙头企业开展供应链逆向整合,建设柔性化供应链,实现个性化、多元化、定制化供给。优化发展与享受型服务消费供给,大力发展文娱、旅游、体育等服务消费产业,鼓励服务内容、业态与模式创新,推动服务消费场所的数字化、智慧化改造升级,丰富购物中心等消费场所运动、康养、餐饮等业态配置,构建满足多元消费需求的一站式体验消费场景。 双向推进多层次城市消费体系和县域商业体系建设。首先要高质量培育国际消费中心城市,优化城市核心消费商圈布局。推动集聚国内外优质消费资源,促进商圈内不同经营模式和业态优势互补、信息互联互通,增强场景化、立体化、智能化展示功能,形成一批具有国际影响力的步行街、商业街、购物中心等地标式场所。其次要完善社区便民商业网点。推动补建和提升基本便民商业网点覆盖率,鼓励品牌连锁便利店业态发展,支持搭载多元生活服务功能,提升社区便民服务质量。再次要培育县域领先商贸流通主体,完善商业网点业态配置。加快县城综合商贸服务中心改造升级,鼓励供销社、邮政等创新发展,依托点多面广的网络优势完善农村商贸流通综合服务水平,支持电商平台、供应链综合服务企业等赋能农村传统商业网点,以数字化技术、供应链管理等助推提质增效,发展新型品牌连锁业态。 1至11月份,全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长3.8%,高技术制造业增加值同比增长8.0%。 今年全国粮食总产量达到13731亿斤,比上年增加73.6亿斤,增长0.5%,连续8年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上。 1至11月份,全国固定资产投资(不含农户)520043亿元,同比增长5.3%。高技术产业投资增长19.9%。 (刘坤整理) 《光明日报》( 2022年12月22日 15版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |